降靈儀式:乩板Planchette

 

· 降靈儀式-神秘學奇談
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乩板Planchette,源自於1853年《靈魂之書》中所描述的一種降靈儀式,是從「桌靈轉」儀式中所改變而來的,用於更加準確並保留儀式中所接受到的訊息,儀式使用一種特殊的三角木板,底下有加裝輪子並有一個孔可以固定鉛筆,放在紙上讓靈體的力量去書寫,據傳施術人能夠藉由這個儀式與靈體溝通,並隨著廣為流傳後再被改良成許多不同的形式,如「通靈板、碟仙、錢仙」等降靈儀式的前身就是乩板。

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乩板Planchette,最早記載於1853年6月10日,由筆名「亞蘭·卡甸Allan Kardec」的唯靈論奠定者Hippolyte Léon Denizard Rivail在《靈魂之書The Spirits Book》書中描述乩板的操作過程,並且在《媒介之書The Book on Mediums》中描述從桌靈轉轉變成乩板的過程:

《靈魂之書The Spirits Book》第37頁:
Here are the terms in which it was given in Paris on June 10, 1853 to one of the most fervent disciples of the Doctrine, who, for many years – since 1849 – had been occupied with the evocation of spirits: “Go into the next room and get that little basket; attach a pencil to it and then place it on a sheet of paper with your fingers on the rim.” This was done and after a few moments the basket began to move and the pencil legibly wrote this sentence: “I expressly forbid you to tell anyone what I have just told you; the next time I write, I will write better.”
翻譯:以下是1853年6月10日在巴黎該學說中最活躍信徒之一所使用的術語,自1849年以來,多年以來,他一直熱衷於召喚各種靈體:「進到另一個房間裡,並拿起小籃子;將一支鉛筆固定在籃子上面,接者用手指抓住邊緣並放置在一張白紙上。」完成以後,一會之後籃子開始移動,而鉛筆清晰的寫下了該句子:「我明確的禁止你告訴任何人我剛告知你的一切,下一次我寫的時候,我會寫的更好。」

《媒介之書The Book on Mediums》第169頁:
The development of the spiritist movement has been unusually rapid; for although we are separated only by a few years from its primitive manifestations, so often contemptuously alluded to as "table-turning," we are already enabled to converse with spirits as easily and rapidly as men converse with each other, and by the very same means, viz., by speech and by writing. Writing has the special advantage of furnishing a permanent evidence of the action of occult power; one which we are able to preserve as we preserve letters received from correspondents in the flesh. As previously remarked, the first method employed was the use of small baskets and planchettes with a pencil attached to them; which method of correspondence we will now briefly describe.
翻譯:靈學運動的發展異常的迅速,即使我們才從它的原始形式中分裂出來沒幾年,也因此常被輕蔑的隱射為「桌靈轉」,我們已經能夠輕易且快速的與靈魂溝通,就像人與人之間溝通一般,並通過相同的方式,例如語言與文字。寫作有著一個特別的優點,就是提供與神祕力量互動的永久證據;一種我們能保存的證據,我們從收訊者那收到並保存的信。如前所述,第一種作法採用的是用小籃子或小板子,並用一支鉛筆固定在它們之上;正是我們現在要簡述的作法。

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最原始的「乩板Planchette」是將「桌靈轉」現象更加具體的溝通,且更加準確的用文字記載,從最早只有桌子移動的現象改成了用文字交流的形式,是用籃子上固定鉛筆,放在紙上後藉由''超自然''力量去影響並寫下內容,其驚奇的效果被發現後開始被大肆推廣,並且被加以改造,使用更加堅固的木板固定鉛筆與加裝輪子,而在1853年被羅馬天主教所反對,認為使用乩板是與惡魔、邪靈溝通的行為,但依然有許多虔誠的聖靈論信徒將其視為與神靈溝通的工具所使用。但後世改良出了「通靈板」後,容易寫出亂碼的乩板就遭到淘汰了。

有些學者認為這是手部肌肉無意識的運動所造成的錯覺,如同「桌靈轉」的形式,並且在實驗室中測試發現回答是與否的問題時,答對的機率遠高於猜測,因此推測其概念是利用施術人的潛意識暗示自己回答正確的內容。

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基本上對於這類不可知論的「超自然、靈異」的現象,我個人都是保持敬而遠之的態度,無論是否如科學所認定的無意識肌肉反應或潛意識暗示,又或者是真有某種力量引導它回答問題,這類儀式大多會要求施術人在半夜、黑暗、人數稀少、甚至是偏僻廢墟的環境下操作,無論成功與否都會對於施術人造成一種心理壓力與負擔,甚至有傳出使用後而精神異常的問題,因此一概不建議任何人輕易模仿嘗試。

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乩板Planchette,維基頁面
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planchette

亞蘭·卡甸,維基頁面
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Kardec

《靈魂之書》PDF檔連結
https://cei-spiritistcouncil.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/The-Spirits-Book.pdf