聖經記載的惡魔:亞巴頓Abaddon

末日蝗蟲驅使者

· 聖經所記載的惡魔,惡魔學
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亞巴頓Ǎḇaddōn(希伯來文אבדון‎)又稱阿巴頓、亞玻倫(希臘文),原意為「破壞」、「厄運」時常與地獄(Sheol)一同提及,在聖經啟示錄中提到亞巴頓是無底洞之主,驅使著蝗蟲傷害人類,但對於亞巴頓有許多種解釋,有一說是象徵無底洞或地獄本身,也有一說是指執行上帝命令的死亡天使,而啟示錄內文的記載也僅提及亞巴頓,並沒有詳細描述外觀或形象,此外在聖經約伯記26:6、箴言15:11都有提到毀滅之地(陰間、地獄),在原希伯來文記載中皆是使用אבדון‎一詞,而在死海古卷「感恩讚美詩」亦有提及亞巴頓為陰間,約翰•彌爾頓在「復樂園」一書中則將亞巴頓作為無底洞的名字使用,「地獄辭典」中描述為第七級惡魔領袖,有時作為末日滅絕天使之名。

新約聖經啟示錄9章7至11小節記載
And the shapes of the locusts were like unto horses prepared unto battle; and on their heads were as it were crowns like gold, and their faces were as the faces of men.
And they had hair as the hair of women, and their teeth were as the teeth of lions.
And they had breastplates, as it were breastplates of iron; and the sound of their wings was as the sound of chariots of many horses running to battle.
And they had tails like unto scorpions, and there were stings in their tails: and their power was to hurt men five months.
And they had a king over them, which is the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in the Hebrew tongue is Abaddon, but in the Greek tongue hath his name Apollyon.
粗略翻譯:那些蝗蟲的模樣就像準備戰鬥的馬,頭上戴著黃金般的頭冠,臉就像男人的臉,有著如同女人般的頭髮,牙齒如同獅子的尖牙,胸前有著鐵製的胸甲,振翅的聲音如同萬馬拉著戰車奔騰,它們的尾巴就像蠍子一樣,帶著尖刺用來折磨人類五個月,它們有著一個無底洞的天使作為王,希伯來文叫他「亞巴頓」,希臘文則稱他為「亞玻侖」。

Ǎḇaddōn,希伯來文是אבדון‎,字義是指「丟失」、「淪陷」,在聖經約伯記26:6、箴言15:11都有使用這一詞意指毀滅之地、陰間,而在啟示錄9:11提及時則是專有名稱,指一位在無底洞的蝗蟲之王、毀滅者、天使,因為操控著蝗蟲傷害人類,所以後世一些聖經學者賦予亞巴頓邪惡的形象,甚至稱其為撒旦,至今對於亞巴頓到底是天使、惡魔還是地名依然存在許多不同派系的說法,也有一些將聖經對於亞巴頓蝗蟲的形象套用在亞巴頓身上,將其描述成頭戴金冠馬身蠍尾的惡魔。

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亞巴頓,維基頁面
https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%B4%E9%A0%93

亞巴頓,英文維基頁面(資料詳細)
https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%B4%E9%A0%93

復樂園(620頁提到亞巴頓),維基資源
https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/Paradise_Regained/Book_4

地獄辭典(亞巴頓),法文維基資源
https://fr.m.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionnaire_infernal/6e_%C3%A9d.,_1863/Abaddon

啟示錄第9章,相關網址
https://www.ebaomonthly.com/bible/bible_cuv_kjv.php?book=66&chapter=9

啟示錄第9章,希臘文聖經網址
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/study/revelation/9.htm

約伯記第26章,希伯來文聖經網址
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/study/job/26.htm

箴言第15章,希伯來文聖經網址
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/study/proverbs/15.htm

死海古卷「感恩讚美詩」碎片,相關網址
http://orion.mscc.huji.ac.il/cave/megila4.shtml

流行文化中的亞巴頓,維基百科
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abaddon_in_popular_culture