聖經所記載的惡魔:別西卜Beelzebub

亞伯拉罕信仰惡意貶低外教神祇的經典例子

· 聖經所記載的惡魔,惡魔學
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巴力西卜Ba'al Zəbûb(希伯來文בַּעַלזְבוּב),又稱別西卜、貝耳則步(天主教翻譯),原意為「蒼蠅王」,據信是非利士人崇拜的神明,在列王紀下中則記載別西卜是非利士人城市「以革倫」的神明,在馬太福音中也有相關記載,後世被記載為七原罪中的暴食之罪,在約翰•彌爾頓所著的「失樂園」一書中被描述成一位強大的熾天使,在創世紀戰爭中戰敗後墮落;而雅克•科林•德•普蘭西所著的「地獄辭典」中則描述成能夠飛行的巨大蒼蠅魔王,此外在基督教的神學資料中時常將其記載魔鬼的另一個名字並類似於撒旦。

舊約聖經列王紀下第1章1至4小節記載
Then Moab rebelled against Israel after the death of Ahab.
And Ahaziah fell down through a lattice in his upper chamber that was in Samaria, and was sick: and he sent messengers, and said unto them, Go, enquire of Baalzebub the god of Ekron whether I shall recover of this disease.
But the angel of the LORD said to Elijah the Tishbite, Arise, go up to meet the messengers of the king of Samaria, and say unto them, Is it not because there is not a God in Israel, that ye go to enquire of Baalzebub the god of Ekron?
Now therefore thus saith the LORD, Thou shalt not come down from that bed on which thou art gone up, but shalt surely die. And Elijah departed.
粗略翻譯:在亞哈死後,摩押背叛了以色列,亞哈謝在撒瑪利亞,一次從房裡的圍欄掉下來就病了。於是差遣使者說,你們去問以革倫的神巴力西卜,我這病能好不能好。上帝的使者對提斯比人以利亞說:「起來,去見撒瑪利亞王的使者,告訴他們難道以色列沒有神才跑去詢問以革倫的神巴力西卜嗎?」,因此上帝如此說:「你不可從你所上去的那張床下來,必定會死」說完以利亞便離開了。

新約聖經馬太福音第12章24至28小節記載
But when the Pharisees heard it, they said, This fellow doth not cast out devils, but by Beelzebub the prince of the devils.
And Jesus knew their thoughts, and said unto them, Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation; and every city or house divided against itself shall not stand:
And if Satan cast out Satan, he is divided against himself; how shall then his kingdom stand?
And if I by Beelzebub cast out devils, by whom do your children cast them out? therefore they shall be your judges.
But if I cast out devils by the Spirit of God, then the kingdom of God is come unto you.
粗略翻譯:當法利賽人聽到後,他們說耶穌並不是靠自身驅趕魔鬼,而是藉由惡魔王子別西卜趕鬼,耶穌知道他們的想法後告訴他們:「任何王國反對它自身必帶來滅亡,任何城市、房子反對它自身必無法立足,那麼如果撒旦驅逐撒旦,他反對他自身,他的王國又怎麼立足?而如果我利用別西卜驅趕魔鬼,那麼你們的孩子將誰驅趕出去?因此,他們便要斷定你們,但如果我是用神的靈趕鬼,那麼神的國度便將降臨於你們。」

Ba'alZəbûl本身字義拆解開來是指「領袖神」,Ba'al本身是以革倫非利士人信奉的神明之一,Zəbûl則意指領袖,但納入希伯來文後則改以Ba'alZebul稱呼,其帶有著翻譯諧音的貶義,Zebul在希伯來文中意指“施肥”、“大便”,再加上非利士人似乎有崇拜蒼蠅的習俗,因此將非利士人的神明稱為大便之神,貶低並侮辱他們的神明ba'al,因此後世基督教則將Ba'alZəbûl視為蒼蠅王、惡魔、鬼王等邪惡的存在,成了廣為人知的鬼王別西卜,而耶穌被懷疑驅使別西卜趕鬼時回答到:「撒旦怎能驅趕撒旦呢?」,因此別西卜亦被視為撒旦。

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詳細資料可參考以下連結
別西卜,維基百科
https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8A%9B%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%9C

別西卜,英文維基頁面
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beelzebub

巴力,維基百科
https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8A%9B

以革倫(非利士人城市),維基百科
https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E9%9D%A9%E4%BC%A6

地獄辭典(別西卜),法文維基資源頁面
https://fr.m.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionnaire_infernal/6e_%C3%A9d.,_1863/Belzebuth

失樂園(80頁記載別西卜),維基資源
https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/Paradise_Lost_(1674)/Book_I

列王紀下第1章,相關網址
https://www.ebaomonthly.com/bible/bible_cuv.php?book=12&chapter=1

馬太福音第12章,相關網址
https://www.ebaomonthly.com/bible/bible_cuv.php?book=40&chapter=12