降靈儀式:桌靈轉Table-turning

· 降靈儀式-神秘學奇談
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桌靈轉Table-turning,源自於1852~1853年現代靈魂主義從歐洲傳到美國時,一種降靈與靈體溝通的儀式開始盛行,操作方式由參與者圍坐在桌子週邊,雙手放置於桌上,並且輪流念出字母,當遇到對應字母時桌子會傾斜、轉動,並且此與靈體溝通,而後則演變成一種名為「乩板」的降靈道具,再演化成現今的「通靈板」與日本的「狐狗貍」。最早記載於唯靈論奠定者亞蘭·卡甸的《靈魂之書The Spirits Book》與《媒介之書The Book on Mediums》書中。

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《靈魂之書The Spirits Book》第17頁:
Around 1850, when the phenomenon of “table-turning” was grabbing the attention of Europe and ushering in the other phenomena since known as “Spiritist”, he quickly divined the real nature of those phenomena as being evidence for the existence of an order of relationships that had until then been suspected rather than known; i.e., those that unite the visible and invisible worlds.
翻譯:在1850年左右,當「桌轉靈」現象在歐洲引人入勝時,也招來了其他「唯靈論主義」的現象,他快速的發現那些一直被人質疑而不被人知的現象證據的真實性質,那些現象將可見與不可見的世界相結合。

《媒介之書The Book on Mediums》第61頁:
Sometimes the table tilts upon one Bide, poising itself; first on one leg, and then on another, after which it gently subsides into its natural position. Sometimes it sways backwards and forwards, as though imitating the pitching and rolling of a ship. At other times-but, for this, the medium must be a powerful one the table rises entirely from the floor, and remains in the air, with nothing to rest on, rising, perhaps, to the very ceiling, so that persons can stand or walk under it, and then gently lets itself down, with a fluttering movement, like that of a sheet of paper, or falls to the floor with a crash, and, perhaps, is broken by the fall. The sudden smashing of a solid oaken or mahogany table, of a couple of hundred-weight or so, is surely sufficient proof that the parties present are not the victims of any optical illusion.
翻譯:有時桌子會傾斜一處,平衡它自己,首先在一支腳上,接著是另一支,之後漸漸平息回到它正常的位置上。有時它會前後搖擺,如同模仿船隻那般搖盪。在其他時候,但是這個媒介必須非常強大才能將整張桌子浮空,並且保持在空中,沒有任何東西支撐,漂浮,甚至飄到天花板,以便能讓人在其底下站立或走過,接著讓它自己像是一張紙一邊振動一邊逐漸下降,或是掉落下來砸向地板,也可能就此砸壞。一張幾百磅重的堅固橡木桌或桃花木桌突然摔碎,肯定足以證明當事人並非是視覺幻覺的受害者。

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最早被明文記載的「桌靈轉」是在1853年,而根據資料顯示儀式需要數名參與者將雙手放置在一張桌上,輪流念出字母,而桌子會依照對應字母而出現傾斜、搖晃、轉動,甚至是懸空、浮空、漂浮等現象,科學家認為這是多名參與者手部的不自覺肌肉運動導致,以及也有發現一些特別用於桌靈轉的戒指,藉由機關用來製造出桌子浮空、飄移的假象,而這項活動隨著水手航行而傳遞出去,從最早的歐洲傳至美國、日本,並且衍生出許多不同的變體,以及出現更加便利於溝通的「乩板」,在日本地區就有一種名為「狐狗貍kokkuri san」的儀式,用日本特有的三角桌進行的桌靈轉儀式,而桌子晃動、敲擊桌腳發出的聲音就是「扣kok、枯ku、哩ri」而得名「狐狗貍」,並相傳儀式能夠召喚動物靈,例如狐靈。

這類降靈儀式從1853年歐洲的「桌轉靈」慢慢演變成法國的「乩板」,傳到美國後再被改良成「對話板、通靈板」,接著傳到亞洲地區就出現「碟仙、錢仙、筆仙」與日本的「狐狗貍」,而在古代中國其實早就有類似的儀式叫作「扶乩/扶鸞」,比較不同的是前者所提到的大多數儀式都是召喚「靈魂、動物靈」,而「扶乩」更偏向與神靈溝通、傳神諭等,更加具有宗教意味。

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桌靈轉,維基頁面
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table-turning

破解桌靈轉,泛科學
https://pansci.asia/archives/111965

《媒介之書The Book on Mediums》PDF檔連結
https://web.archive.org/web/20060313002042/http://www.geae.inf.br/en/books/codification/mb.pdf

《靈魂之書》PDF檔連結
https://cei-spiritistcouncil.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/The-Spirits-Book.pdf

桌靈轉實際操作影片,YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xnXErpg46Ug